Individual Identity

Characteristics of one's self.

Collective Identity

Common characteristics and values defining a group.

Collective Consciousness

An awareness shared by many people.

National Identity

The sense of a nation as a cohesive whole.

Nationalism

Strong pride in and devotion to one's country.

Patriotism

Love of one's country.

National Loyalties

Loyalty to a nation.

Non-nationalist Loyalty

Commitment to aspects of identity besides one's nation.

Contending Loyalties

Competing loyalties.

National Myths

Shared stories and beliefs creating a sense of nation.

Nation

A group sharing similar interests or identity.

Nation-State

A country with borders and a political system.

Civic Nation

A nation where citizens share common principles.

Ethnic Nationalism

Devotion to a cultural or linguistic community.

Cultural Pluralism

Encouraging groups to maintain unique cultural identities.

Alienation

Feeling isolated from everyone else.

Sovereignty

Political authority to control one's own affairs.

Self-determination

A nation's power to control its own affairs.

Loyalty

Allegiance to a person, group, or nation.

Referendum

A proposed law put to a popular vote.

Federalists

Supporters of a federal system of government.

Absolutism

A political system where a ruler holds total power.

Absolute Monarchy

A government where a monarch has absolute power.

Republic

Government where citizens vote for leaders rather than monarchs.

Constitution

A written framework of government.

Abdicate

To surrender a throne or position of power.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class.

External Factors

Forces influencing nationalism and identity.

Reasonable Accommodation

Institutional accommodation of minority practices without violating rights.

French Revolution

1789 rebellion overthrowing France's political and social order.

First Estate

The clergy.

Second Estate

Nobility and aristocrats.

Third Estate

Commoners and peasants making up most of the population.

Estates-General

An assembly representing all three French estates.

Tennis Court Oath

Third Estate pledge to create a new constitution.

National Assembly

French political body representing the Third Estate.

Attack on the Bastille

1789 prison attack symbolizing the collapse of royal authority.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Revolutionary document declaring liberty and equality.

Reign of Terror

Period of thousands of executions led by Robespierre.

Robespierre

Head of the Committee of Public Safety, executed in 1794.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French military general who rose to power post-revolution.

Rise to Power

Overthrew the Directory in 1799 to become First Consul.

Emperor

Became Emperor of France in 1804.

Napoleonic Code

Legal reform establishing equality before the law.

Napoleon and Nationalism

Spread revolutionary ideas and sparked foreign resistance.

Russian Campaign (1812)

Disastrous invasion of Russia that weakened Napoleon.

Abdication (1814)

Forced resignation and exile of Napoleon.

Hundred Days (1815)

Napoleon's brief return to power.

Battle of Waterloo (1815)

Final defeat of Napoleon by European forces.

Exile and Death

Exiled to Saint Helena, dying in 1821.

Multiculturalism

Preservation of diverse cultural identities within a society.

Bill 101

Made French the official language of Quebec.

Sovereignists

People supporting Quebec's independence from Canada.

Reconciliation

Resolving differences and repairing relationships.

Statement of Reconciliation

1998 government address regarding residential schools.

Assembly of First Nations

Major advocacy organization for Canadian First Nations.

Residential Schools

Assimilation schools causing lasting harm to Indigenous communities.

Land Claims

Indigenous claims concerning rights to territory.

Oka Crisis

1990 Mohawk land dispute in Quebec.

Winnipeg General Strike

Massive 1919 workers' strike demonstrating economic tensions.

Royal Commission

Official government investigation into complex issues.

National Energy Program

1980 federal program increasing Canadian petroleum control.

Inflation

General increase in prices reducing purchasing power.

Segregation

Separation of people based on differences.