6th grade social studies students were studying ancient Rome, Middle Ages, and Africa. Students were randomly assigned 3 types of questions some were given multiple no-stakes tests, some were given instruction and simply read facts, and some were only given the main graded test 91% average in testing group, while only 83% and 81% in the other two groups. This proved that massed practice is not efficient in the long-term, and that self-testing and spacing work