Describe the process of segregation in the South.
Legal and political measures: Southern states passed Jim Crow laws that mandated separate facilities (schools, transportation, public spaces) and restricted Black civil rights, turning segregation into state policy.
Court validation: Federal courts, most notably the Supreme Court, upheld segregation doctrines that made these laws constitutional in practice.
Social enforcement: Segregation was enforced by custom, economic pressure, and violence that kept Black people socially and economically subordinate.
1/6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Describe the process of segregation in the South. | Legal and political measures: Southern states passed Jim Crow laws that mandated separate facilities (schools, transportation, public spaces) and restricted Black civil rights, turning segregation into state policy. Court validation: Federal courts, most notably the Supreme Court, upheld segregation doctrines that made these laws constitutional in practice. Social enforcement: Segregation was enforced by custom, economic pressure, and violence that kept Black people socially and economically subordinate. |
| Which of the following best describes the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson? | Separate but equal legalized: The 1896 Supreme Court decision established the “separate but equal” doctrine, giving constitutional cover to state‑sponsored segregation and enabling widespread discriminatory laws and practices |
| What violence did African Americans face? | Lynchings and race riots: Black Americans were subject to lynching, mob violence, race riots, and public spectacles of terror used to enforce white supremacy and intimidate Black communities |
| How did Georgia prevent African Americans from voting? | Legal barriers and intimidation: Georgia used poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses, white primaries, felony disenfranchisement, and widespread intimidation and violence to suppress Black voting and remove political power from African Americans |
| What occurred during the 1906 gubernatorial campaign? | Racialized campaign and violence: The 1906 campaign featured inflammatory, race‑baiting rhetoric in Atlanta newspapers and between candidates; tensions exploded into the Atlanta Race Massacre (riot) in September 1906, when white mobs attacked Black residents and businesses, killing and injuring many |
| What was Booker T. Washington’s message in his “Atlanta Compromise” speech? | Economic accommodation and vocational uplift: Washington urged Black Americans to focus on vocational training, economic self‑help, and accommodation to white political control in exchange for basic economic opportunities and gradual improvement in status—prioritizing practical advancement over immediate civil‑rights agitation |