Term

Describe the process of segregation in the South.

Definition

Legal and political measures: Southern states passed Jim Crow laws that mandated separate facilities (schools, transportation, public spaces) and restricted Black civil rights, turning segregation into state policy. Court validation: Federal courts, most notably the Supreme Court, upheld segregation doctrines that made these laws constitutional in practice. Social enforcement: Segregation was enforced by custom, economic pressure, and violence that kept Black people socially and economically subordinate.

Term

Which of the following best describes the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson?

Definition

Separate but equal legalized: The 1896 Supreme Court decision established the “separate but equal” doctrine, giving constitutional cover to state‑sponsored segregation and enabling widespread discriminatory laws and practices

Term

What violence did African Americans face?

Definition

Lynchings and race riots: Black Americans were subject to lynching, mob violence, race riots, and public spectacles of terror used to enforce white supremacy and intimidate Black communities