Retailing*

“All transactions in which the buyer intends to consume the product through personal, family, or household use.”

Retailer*

“An organization that produces or purchases products for the purpose of reselling them to ultimate consumers.”

Multichannel retailing*

“Employing multiple distribution channels that complement brick-and-mortar stores with e-commerce stores, catalogs, and apps where consumers can research products, read reviews, and make actual purchases.”

Online retailing*

“Retailing that makes products available to buyers through websites and apps.”

Department stores*

“Large retail organizations characterized by a wide product mix and organized into separate departments to facilitate marketing efforts and internal management.”

Discount stores*

“Self-service, general-merchandise stores that offer brand-name and private-brand products at low prices.”

Convenience store*

“A small self-service store that is open long hours and carries a narrow assortment of products, usually convenience items.”

Grocery stores or supermarkets*

“Large, self-service stores that carry a complete line of food products, along with some non-food items.”

Big box or superstores*

“Giant retail outlets that carry food and non-food products found in supermarkets, as well as most routinely purchased consumer products.”

Warehouse clubs*

“Large-scale, members-only establishments that combine features of cash-and-carry wholesaling with discount retailing.”

Specialty retailers*

“Stores that carry a narrow product mix with deep product lines.”

Category killer*

“A very large specialty store that concentrates on a major product category and competes on the basis of low prices and product availability.”

Off-price retailers*

“Specialty stores that buy manufacturers’ seconds, overruns, returns, and off-season merchandise for resale to consumers at deep discounts.”

Neighborhood shopping center*

“A type of shopping center usually consisting of several small convenience and specialty stores.”

Community shopping center*

“A type of shopping center with one or two department stores, some specialty stores, and convenience stores.”

Regional shopping center*

“A type of shopping center with the largest department stores, widest product mixes, and deepest product lines of all shopping centers.”

Lifestyle shopping center*

“A type of shopping center that is typically open air and features upscale specialty stores, dining, and entertainment.”

Franchising*

“An arrangement in which a supplier (franchisor) grants a dealer (franchisee) the right to sell products in exchange for some type of consideration.”

Retail positioning*

“Identifying an unserved or underserved market segment and serving it through a strategy that distinguishes the retailer from others in the minds of consumers in that segment.”

Atmospherics*

“The physical elements in a store’s design that appeal to consumers’ emotions and encourage buying.”

Category management*

“A retail strategy of managing groups of similar, often substitutable products produced by different manufacturers.”

Direct-to-consumer (D2C) marketing*

“When firms sell directly to consumers using channels that bypass traditional retail channels.”

Catalog marketing*

“A type of marketing in which an organization provides a catalog from which customers make selections and place orders by mail, telephone, or the internet.”

Direct-response marketing*

“Marketers seek to directly convert prospects into customers in one step.”

Television home shopping*

“A form of selling in which products are presented to television viewers, encouraging them to order through toll-free numbers or websites.”

Telemarketing*

“The performance of marketing-related activities by telephone.”

Direct selling*

“Marketing products to ultimate consumers through personal sales presentations at home or in the workplace.”

Vending*

“The use of machines to dispense products.”

Wholesaling*

“The sale of goods to someone other than the consumer.”

Wholesaler*

“An individual or organization that sells products that are bought for resale, for making other products, or for general business operations.”