Market segmentation

dividing an audience into smaller groups base on shared characteristics

Demographics

measurable characteristics ( age, gender, income, education, location, occupation) who they are

psychographics

personality, attitudes, interests, values, lifestyle (someone who values sustainability or loves fitness) what they think

behavioral

how people behave or interact with a product/media (how often they buy something, what they watch, what they think) what they do

Media bubbles

when someone is primarily exposed to information, opinion, and content that agrees with or reinforces what they already believe (the environment/content you're surrounded by)

Interest elements

these are things that make a story or piece of media interesting to an audience

information audience

they want to learn something

entertainment audience

they want to be entertained

utility/usefulness audience

They want information they can actually use

Selective exposure

people tend to seek out or pay attention to information that agrees with their existing beliefs while avoiding information that challenges them (your tendency to choose certain content)

Key points how to serve the reader

know their audience, give the audience relevant information, be clear and understandable, given the audience what they need/want, consider the audience interests and perspective

Three needs of audience members

information, entertainment, utility/usefulness

Fake news

false or misleading information presented as legitimate news

Primary sources

firsthand/original information

secondary sources

information that comes from someone else's interpretation or reporting of the original information (secondhand)

Accuracy

making sure information is correct before publishing it

Steps of a Fact Check

identify the claim, find the original source, check the evidence, compare with reliable sources, verify, correct anything that is inaccurate

Gatekeeping

the process of deciding what information gets published/broadcast and what doesn't

Credibility

how trustworthy and believe source or media organization

how does mistakes hurt credibility

if a media organization repeatedly publishes inaccurate information, people are less likely to trust it

Best websites to check information

government/official sources

First Amendment

Protects freedom of speech and freedom of the press

why is it important to media

allows journalists and media organizations to report news, express opinions, criticize the government, publish information

the first amendment does not protect

limits government action, not private companies or individuals

Ethical Issues

principles that help media professionals determine what is right or wrong

ethics is the information true or verified

accuracy

ethics are the people being treated fairly

fairness

ethics are you presenting information without allowing personal bias to distort the reporting

objectivity

ethics does the public really need to know this person's private information

privacy

ethics could publishing this information unnecessarily hurt someone

harm

ethics do you have a personal or financial interest that could affect your work

conflict of interest

Defamation

false statement of fact that harms someone's reputation

libel

written/publishes defamation L

slander

spoken defamation S

Defense against a libel suit - truth

if the statement is true, truth is generally the strongest defense

defense against a libel suit - opinion

a genuinely expressed opinion, rather than a provably false statement of fact, may be protected

defense against a libel suit - privilege

certain statements are protected because of the circumstances in which they were or reported

defense against a libel suit - fair report

media may have protection when accurately and fairly reporting information from certain official proceedings or public records

Copyright law

protects original creative works

fair use copyright

allow limited use of copyrighted material for purposes not automatic

Absolute privilege

provides complete protection from a defamation claim for certain statements made in specific legally protected situations (judicial/legislative) (complete protection in qualifying circumstances

Qualified Privilege

provides protection only under certain conditions (protection under certain conditions)